Over time, these descriptions become problematic as trees die or streams move by erosion.Irregular shapes for properties make for much more complex descriptions.There are some difficulties with this system: Within this boundary, a map or plat was maintained that showed all the individual lots or properties. The metes-and-bounds system was used to describe a town of a generally rectangular shape, 4 to 6 miles (~6 to 10 km) on a side. Particularly in New England, this system was supplemented by drawing up town plats. A typical, yet simple, description under this system might read "From the point on the north bank of Muddy Creek one mile (1.6 km) above the junction of Muddy and Indian Creeks, north for 400 yards, then northwest to the large standing rock, west to the large oak tree, south to Muddy Creek, then down the center of the creek to the starting point." This system describes property lines based on local markers and bounds drawn by humans, often based on topography. The original colonies (including their derivatives Maine, Vermont, Tennessee, Kentucky and West Virginia) continued the British system of metes and bounds. It has been expanded and slightly modified by Letters of Instruction and Manuals of Instruction, issued by the General Land Office and the Bureau of Land Management and continues in use in most of the states west of Pennsylvania, south to Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi, west to the Pacific Ocean, and north into the Arctic in Alaska. The system was created by the Land Ordinance of 1785. 3.2 Understanding property descriptions.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) announced in 2000 an updated manual is currently under preparation. The survey was "the first mathematically designed system and nationally conducted cadastral survey in any modern country" and is "an object of study by public officials of foreign countries as a basis for land reform." The detailed survey methods to be applied for the PLSS are described in a series of Instructions and Manuals issued by the General Land Office, the latest edition being the "The Manual of Instructions for the Survey of the Public Lands Of The United States, 1973" available from the U.S. It is sometimes referred to as the rectangular survey system, although non rectangular methods such as meandering can also be used. Its basic units of area are the township and section. The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels, particularly for titles and deeds of rural, wild or undeveloped land.
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